The words that you find here come from Dinesh Prabhu's dictionary (by way of Navin Kabra), so let me give that credit out first off. The words you'll get quizzed on here are very literary and will probably best prepare you to read Ghalib and Faiz, but maybe not so well to get a good bargain on cricket pants in the market.
Urdu has about 104 million speakers and is a national languages for both Pakistan and India. Most folks seem to trace it back to about the 13th centry ("urdu" means camp, btw). It's awfully closely related to Hindi (they're both Indo-European) and unless people are purposefully bringing in fancy Persian words or old Sanskrit ones, they are mutually intelligible.
Retroflexing
These Urdu flashcards are romanized, generally along lines you'll recognize ("b" is used for the letter "be"). For some of the trickier letters I've given some pronunciation guidelines, too.
a - 'alif. Urdu vowels aren't as easy as those in Zulu, Japanese, Italian or Spanish. Romanization makes this a little better. Here's how we transcribe stuff:
a : "u" in "but"
aa : "a" in "far"
e : "e" in "bed"
i : "i" in "fit"
ee : "ee" in "feet"
o : "o" in "code"
u : "u" in "put"
oo : "oo" in "booed"
au : "ow" in "how"
ai : "ei" in "neighbor"
' - ain. Real live Urdu speakers ignore the glottal stop of Arabic loanwords in real speech. In a literary pronunciation it would be kind of like the "t" of a Cockney "bottle".
ch - che
D - Daal. This is a voiced alveolar or post-alveolar retroflex stop. Ack! Turn the tip of the tongue slightly back to touch the palate behind where you put your tongue for an English "d".
h - chhoTi he
H - baRi he
gh - ghain. A voiced velar frictive. That means you should go for the "g" of German's "Wagen" or the "r" of the French "Paris".
kh - khe. A voiceless velar frictive. Like German's "ach" or Scottish "loch". Often transcribed as "x".
q - qaaf. A voiceless back-velar stop. Like an English "k" but further back on the soft palate. Fancy Urdu speakers do pronounce this, but in Lahore most people just said a "k". But if you're reciting poetry, better go for the real deal.
R - Re. A voiced alveolar or post-alveolar retroflex flap. Yes! Here's the hardest consonant to get. Pull your tongue back in your mouth, turn it tip up. Then bring it forward and flap the underside down against the back of the teethridge (that's a real word). If you want to avoid this, head towards words from Arabic and Persian, they don't have this sound.
s - seen, saad
t - te, to-e
T - Te. A voiceless alveolar or post-alveolar retroflex stop. Look down towards the definition of "D". Urdu speakers often hear the English "t" as their "Te". Americans have a similar sound in "heart" and "barter". But it is unaspirated (that's important; you don't get a puff of air behind these consonants unless you see an "h").
w - vaa-o (although vaa-o could also be oo/o/au, too)
y - both chhoTi ye (which could be ee/e/ai also) and baRi ye (stands for an e or ai)
z - zaal, zaad, zo-e